5TYS280玉米脱粒清选试验台的设计研究

我国夏播玉米主要集中在黄淮海地区,其生长期短、收获时籽粒含水率高,直接脱粒收获易造成籽粒破碎,脱净率与籽粒破碎率和含杂率之间的矛盾,作业质量较难保证。目前,针对高含水率玉米脱粒清选装置的系统理论与试验研究均较少,因此设计开发了一种玉米脱粒清选试验台。其主要由机架、脱粒分离装置、清选装置、输送装置、电机控制及转速数据采集系统等部件组成。以籽粒破碎率和含杂率为评价指标,通过调整滚筒转速、滚筒倾角、凹板间隙、筛网倾角、曲轴转速及风机转速等关键因素水平,进行单因素多水平试验及多因素多水平正交试验,确定高含水率玉米脱粒清选装置的最佳参数组合,为玉米籽粒收获机脱粒清选部件设计、改进及参数选择提供依据。     

螺旋输送与筛筒组合式分离装置性能试验

大中型谷物联合收割机分离装置存在体积庞大、振动强等问题,小型谷物联合收割机分离装置缺乏对断茎秆的处理能力且分离能力较弱。为此,提出了一种螺旋输送与筛筒组合式分离装置。通过室内试验,研究了搅龙转速、装置倾角和分离筛孔尺寸对分离性能的影响,得出了最优结构和运动参数组合,实现了籽粒、颖糠及茎秆在输送过程中的有效分离,为清选装置在谷物联合收割机上的应用提供了依据。     

国内气力式玉米精量排种器研究进展

近年来，我国机械化技术水平不断提高，精量播种正逐步取代传统的粗放式播种，从而降低了种植成本，同时提高了生产效率和利润。目前，我国玉米单产水平存在较大提升空间，提升玉米机械播种水平是提高玉米播种质量和增加产量的有效方式。本文对气力式玉米精量排种器的研究现状进行了综述，包括气吸式、气吹式和气压式3种类型，分别总结了其结构、工作原理和工作参数、性能、优势等，评述了试验效果；针对玉米精量排种器目前存在的问题进行了分析，并提出了未来的发展趋势，以期为促进玉米机械化生产提供参考。     

蔬菜移栽机斜插夹钵式取投苗装置研制

针对目前中国蔬菜穴盘苗全自动移栽作业,取投苗装置复杂、易失败等问题,该文设计了一种斜插夹钵式取投苗装置。通过对取投苗装置原理的分析,运用投影法对装置进行设计,确定了装置各结构参数。为保证装置具有良好的取投苗效果,对苗盘倾斜角度及苗夹入穴参数进行了设计,同时分析其运动过程,对比仿真轨迹曲线和试验实际轨迹曲线,验证了方案的可行性。综合考虑影响取投苗效果的因素,以取投苗成功率作为取投苗效果评价指标,选取弹簧刚度系数、主动杆转速、苗盘倾斜角度为试验因素,进行正交试验。试验结果表明:在给定因素水平下,当弹簧刚度系数为500 N/m,主动杆转速为12 r/min,苗盘倾斜角度为45°时,取投苗效果最佳,此时基质破碎率为3.13%,钵苗脱落率为2.43%,取投苗成功率为94.44%,装置的可靠性较高。研究结果可为全自动化移栽研究提供参考。     

稻麦联合收获机分段式脱粒装置设计与优化

针对纵轴流联合收获机在收获稻麦时出现的脱粒不彻底、分离不完全等问题,该研究设计了一种分段式纵轴流脱粒分离装置。该装置主要由锥形脱粒滚筒、脱粒强度可调式凹板筛、360°分离式凹板筛、作业参数电控调节系统等构成。通过单因素试验,分别获得了脱粒强度可调式凹板筛的开关板针对小麦和水稻脱粒的最佳开关状态。为寻求装置作业参数对脱粒效果的影响规律及最优参数组合,进行了多目标优化试验。以滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、凹板筛分离间隙及喂入量作为影响因素,以破碎率、损失率、脱出物含杂率为试验指标,建立了破碎率、损失率、脱出物含杂率的数学模型。试验结果表明:各因素对破碎率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、凹板筛脱粒间隙、导流板角度、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙;对脱出物含杂率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙;对损失率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙。通过多目标参数优化分析,确定装置进行小麦脱粒的最优作业参数组合为脱粒滚筒转速905 r/min、导流板角度69°、凹板筛脱粒间隙18 mm、凹板筛分离间隙19 mm、喂入量4 kg/s。在该参数组合条件下进行了田间验证试验,结果表明,与常规纵轴流脱粒装置相比,整机作业破碎率由1.46%降为1.00%,含杂率由1.85%降为1.43%,损失率由1.72%降为1.20%,各指标实测值与模型优化值的相对误差均小于5%,满足国家相关标准要求。该装置有效解决了破碎率高、脱粒不干净、分离不彻底的问题,研究结果可为纵轴流联合收获机脱粒装置的结构改进和作业参数优化提供参考和依据。     

夹指链式残膜回收机脱膜装置设计与试验

针对现有残膜回收机脱膜困难的问题,该研究设计了一种夹指链式残膜回收机脱膜装置,主要由刮板总成、曲柄摇杆机构和膜杂分离机构等组成,可一次性完成脱膜、膜杂分离和输膜作业。为增加夹指随夹指链转过上收膜轮的过程中与刮板接触的次数,将刮板总成中的刮板设为双层,并通过作业过程分析对其结构参数进行设计;使用ADAMS软件对刮板末端运动轨迹进行仿真分析,并根据仿真结果对曲柄摇杆机构的杆件长度及安装角进行设计;通过对残膜受力情况的分析,确定了曲柄摇杆机构的安装位置;通过运动学分析获得了夹指不被漏刮时上收膜轮角速度与曲柄角速度比的最大值;为实现输膜与膜杂分离,设计了往复摆动式膜杂分离机构,并通过作业机理分析及性能试验对相关部件的结构参数进行设计。田间试验结果表明,当机具作业速度为4.5 km/h、刮板宽度为100 mm、曲柄回转中心与上收膜轮中心间的水平安装距离为290 mm、竖直安装距离为200 mm、上收膜轮角速度与曲柄角速度比为0.5、输膜筛相邻棒条间的安装距离为50mm时,残膜回收率为93.12%,脱膜率为98.2%,含杂率为16.08%,能够满足残膜回收机田间作业要求。研究成果可为相关装置的设计提供参考。     

基于霍尔效应的微小压强测量装置的设计与实现

针对化工液体的微小压强测量中所存在的测量复杂、精度低的问题，设计一种基于霍尔效应的测量流体微小压强变化的装置。该测量装置通过前端受力装置来承受液体压强的变化而产生一定的位移，并转换成霍尔电动势，经放大调理电路，最后接电压表显示相应的电压值。根据输出电压与液体压强之间的关系即可得到相应深度的压强大小。在实验中，电压表精确到1mV，最小可测量到0.792Pa的压强变化，其测量精度较高。该装置体积小、通用性强，具有较好的应用前景。     

Treatment of Septic Arthritis With Acoustic Cavitation and Lavage: A Case Report

A 2-year-old Quarter Horse filly was admitted to our facility with a two-day history of trauma caused by barbed wire on the front face of the right front limb fetlock joint. A septic arthritis was confirmed with the synovial fluid examination. The cytologic evaluation of synovial fluid showed 101,000 leukocytes/mm³, 90% neutrophils, and a total protein concentration of 4 g/dL. It was, therefore, decided to perform an arthroscopic lavage using an ultrasonic device with the tip inserted inside the synovial cavity to exploit the phenomenon of acoustic cavitation. After the removal of the synovial pannus, the probe was left to vibrate in the area near the visible penetrating wound inside the joint until three liters of saline was finished. Further studies are needed for understanding and applying this technology in different equine fields and with different bacterial species. However, these first results are promising for the efficacy of this innovative procedure.     

Stallion Semen Cooling Using Native Phosphocaseinate-based Extender and Sodium Caseinate Cholesterol-loaded Cyclodextrin-based Extender

The objective of this study was to compare semen parameters and embryo recovery rates of cooled stallion semen extended with INRA 96 or BotuSemen Gold. In experiment 1, 45 ejaculates from nine mature stallions were collected, assessed, and equally split between both extenders and then extended to 50 million sperm/mL. Then, the extended semen was stored in three passive cooling containers (Equitainer, Equine Express II, and BotuFlex) for 48 hours. In experiment 2, the same ejaculates extended in experiment 1 were cushion-centrifuged, the supernatant was discarded, and the pellets were resuspended at 100 million sperm/mL with their respective extender. Semen was then cooled and stored as in experiment 1. In both experiments, sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity, and high mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed at 0, 24, and 48 hours post cooling. For experiment 3, 12 mares (n = 24 cycles) were bred with 48 hour–cooled semen from one stallion. Semen was processed as described in experiment 1. Mares had embryo flushing performed by 8-day post-ovulation. In experiment 1, BotuSemen Gold displayed superior total and progressive motility relative to INRA 96 (P < .05). There were no significant differences between the types of containers in any experiment. In experiment 2, INRA 96 and BotuSemen Gold extenders had similar total and progressive motility, but BotuSemen Gold had superior sperm velocity parameters at all timepoints. Embryo recovery was identical for both extenders (50%). Finally, the results obtained herein suggest that BotuSemen Gold is a suitable alternative to be included in semen cooling tests against INRA 96 in clinical practice.     

Synergistic effects of soil microstructure and bacterial EPS on drying rate in emulated soil micromodels

Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been shown to alter soil moisture retention and to improve seedling survival and plant growth at the bulk scale. The mechanisms of EPS-mediated water retention include reversible swelling of the cross-linked polymer matrix and the promotion of an aggregated soil structure. However, the effects of EPS on water retention have never been directly observed at the pore scale. Here, emulated soil micromodels were developed to directly observe the effects of physical, chemical, and biological factors on pore-scale water retention. In this demonstration, a pseudo-2D pore structure was created to represent physical features of a fine sandy loam. Replicate micromodels were initially saturated with suspensions of different soil bacteria, and pore-scale air infiltration was directly imaged over time. External evaporativity was held constant through the use of a custom constant-humidity environmental chamber. Micromodels filled with suspensions of highly mucoid Sinorhizobium meliloti retained moisture about twice as long as physically identical micromodels filled with suspensions of non-mucoid S. meliloti. Relative drying rates in six replicate experiments ranged from 1.1 to 2.5 times slower for mucoid suspensions. Patterns of air infiltration were similar but not identical across replicates. The results suggest that pore fluid EPS and micromodel geometry act together to limit evaporation at pore throats. Advantages of the micromodel approach include direct observation of pore-scale dynamic process, and the ability to systematically replicate complex physical structures. These abilities will enable users to screen benefits from different structures and from microbial compositions, and build predictive understanding of the overall function of microbe-habitat systems.